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Literature summary for 3.4.21.95 extracted from
- Purification and characterization of a new serine protease (VLCII) isolated from Vipera lebetina venom its role in hemostasis (2015), J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 29, 388-397 .
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acetylsalicylic acid | aspirin, reduces markedly platelet aggregating effect induced by VLCII, less effective compared to clopidogrel | Macrovipera lebetina |  |
| ADP | reduces slightly platelet aggregating effect induced by VLCII | Macrovipera lebetina | |
| clopidogrel | P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitor, reduces markedly platelet aggregating effect induced by VLCII | Macrovipera lebetina | |
| additional information | no inhibition of the proteolytic activity of VLCII by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, poor inhibition by EGTA. VLCII activity on platelet aggregation is tested after treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and clopidogrel (plavix) antagonist of P2Y12 receptor | Macrovipera lebetina | |
| PMSF | 82% inhibition | Macrovipera lebetina | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| extracellular | - |
Macrovipera lebetina | - |
- |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Macrovipera lebetina | purified VLCII is able to clot human plasma | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Macrovipera lebetina | Q9PT41 | - |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| native enzyme from venom 150.7fold by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography, enzyme preparation is followed by lyophilization and reversed-phase HPLC on C8 column, to apparent homogeneity | Macrovipera lebetina |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| venom | - |
Macrovipera lebetina | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 678.16 | - |
purified enzyme, pH 8.7, 37°C | Macrovipera lebetina |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fibrinogen Aalpha chain + H2O | - |
Macrovipera lebetina | ? | - |
? | |
| fibrinogen Bbeta chain + H2O | - |
Macrovipera lebetina | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | purified VLCII is able to clot human plasma | Macrovipera lebetina | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | VLCII is a thrombin-like serine protease able to hydrolyze Nalpha-CBZ L-arginine-4-nitroanilide hydrochloride. The enzyme shows high coagulant activity against human plasma and cleaves both Aalpha chain and Bbeta chain of bovine fibrinogen. The enzyme also exhibits esterase activity on BAEE substrate. The coagulant activity of venom or VLCII is evaluated using human-citrated platelet-poor plasma and human platelet-rich plasma | Macrovipera lebetina | ? | - |
? | |
| Nalpha-CBZ L-arginine-4-nitroanilide + H2O | thrombin-like activity | Macrovipera lebetina | Nalpha-CBZ L-arginine + 4-nitroaniline | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 60000, SDS-PAGE | Macrovipera lebetina |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| coagulant serine proteinase | - |
Macrovipera lebetina |
| VLCII | - |
Macrovipera lebetina |
| VSPF5 | UniProt | Macrovipera lebetina |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
assay at | Macrovipera lebetina |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.7 | - |
assay at | Macrovipera lebetina |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | clopidogrel P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitor reduces markedly the aggregating effect induced by VLCII indicating the involvement of ADP signaling pathway | Macrovipera lebetina |
| physiological function | in addition to its proteolytic activity, enzyme VLCII presents coagulant activity on human plasma. The isolated VLCII displays proaggregating effect on human platelets in a concentration-dependent manner with an absence of lag time. Purified VLCII is able to clot human plasma | Macrovipera lebetina |
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